The balance of ecosystem services, grounded in the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, is vital for Suzano, as its business model is closely linked to the environment. As a company rooted in nature, Suzano’s eucalyptus plantations for pulp production rely directly on natural resources. Consequently, efforts to conserve biodiversity and restore ecosystems help ensure the long-term sustainability of the business and benefit society at large. 

Suzano is dedicated to identifying and conserving biodiversity within its operational areas. It views environmental preservation as a core aspect of its business model, integrating plantations with native forests and protected zones. These areas are actively managed to enhance biodiversity connectivity through mosaics, ecological corridors, and the restoration of degraded areas. 

Suzano's protected regions comprise Areas of Permanent Preservation (APPs) and Legal Reserves (RLs), established and administered pursuant to Brazilian Forestry Law No. 12.651/2012. Depending on the ecological, environmental, and social characteristics of these areas, certain sections may be designated as High Conservation Value Areas (HCVA) and/or Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPN). In such cases, these areas must be voluntarily designated, meticulously managed, and protected in compliance with certification standards and relevant legislation governing them. 

Suzano manages and safeguards over 1.1 million hectares of native vegetation, representing 40% of its total area. In this territory, the company has voluntarily designated 72 areas as AAVCs and 7 RPPNs [category IV of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)], covering approximately 85,000 hectares of global or national significance for biodiversity conservation. 

In 2025, two Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPN) were created: RPPN Nova Descoberta in Maranhão, covering about 5,866 hectares, and RPPN Entre Rios in São Paulo, with roughly 306 hectares. 

Suzano is also awaiting approval to establish a new RPPN in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul, covering approximately 1,209 hectares. This will be part of a larger conservation area totaling 3,543 hectares. 

The company's biodiversity management relies on the Biodiversity Monitoring Plan, which establishes general guidelines, procedures, and responsibilities for conserving its areas. 

Since the 1990s, Suzano has been monitoring biodiversity in its protected areas, documenting over 4,000 species of flora and fauna. Approximately 190 are threatened with extinction, and 180 are endemic to three biomes: Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest. 

For the defined HCVAs, Suzano has a dedicated Monitoring Plan for each forestry business unit. These plans detail monitoring indicators, potential risks to high-value biodiversity attributes, and required protection measures. Regarding RPPNs, specific management and protection methods are established to align with their requirements and applicable legislation. 

Suzano's environmental and biodiversity management practices are overseen by external audits that adhere to the standards set by the Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC®) and the Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC®). 

Furthermore, in regions where intervention is required to restore ecological functions (stemming from prior cattle grazing and other third-party activities), Suzano has formulated a strategy and the Ecological Restoration Program. These initiatives encompass landscape planning and stakeholder integration to promote biodiversity conservation and generate social advantages. 

In 2021, the company voluntarily pledged to restore biodiversity by linking half a million hectares of fragmented habitats—an area four times the size of Rio de Janeiro—across the Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and Amazon biomes through ecological corridors by 2030. This initiative extends beyond Suzano's lands and aims to enhance regional biodiversity in the areas where the company operates. 

Ecological corridors connect isolated areas, facilitating animal movement, increasing vegetation cover, and supporting biodiversity recovery. Suzano's biodiversity pledge, covering three of Brazil's six biomes, also considers the representativeness of its entire territory and influence. This project involves collaboration with universities, local communities, and landowners where the corridors are being implemented. For details, see “Commitment to Renewing Life - Conserving Biodiversity”. 

Suzano has implemented a Wood Supply Policy that commits planting only in areas previously used for other purposes, strictly adhering to its zero-deforestation stance. Additionally, the company promises to buy wood solely from plantations established in already anthropized areas, ensuring responsible sourcing and traceability of all wood used. Any breach of this policy must be reported through the confidential Ombudsman channel and handled in accordance with Suzano's Code of Conduct. 

Suzano's stance on zero deforestation emphasizes that the company does not plant or acquire eucalyptus from areas previously covered by native vegetation that have been deforested under its influence or presence. In this way, Suzano uses only repurposed wood and does not support the deforestation of natural vegetation for production. 

Suzano systematically applies the mitigation hierarchy in its direct operations in Brazil, prioritizing the prevention of negative impacts on biodiversity, the minimization of unavoidable impacts, the restoration and rehabilitation of affected ecosystems, and the implementation of transformative measures. This approach is structured in four stages: avoid, reduce, restore, and transform, and guides all management practices, monitoring, and stakeholder engagement, ensuring that actions are aligned with global conservation commitments and the search for positive results for nature, people, and the climate. 

Examples of actions implemented at each stage of the mitigation hierarchy. 

• Avoid & Reduce: 

• Applying thorough due diligence to 100% of the wood supply, ensuring traceability and environmental compliance. 
• Implementing forestry micro-planning with integrated environmental guidelines to prevent and mitigate negative impacts. 
• Implementing regular patrols to detect deforestation, hunting, fires, and other illegal activities. 
• Maintaining forest management certifications and traceability programs to ensure compliance with a chain of custody requirements. 

• Restore: 

• Implementation of the Ecological Restoration Program by planting native species. 
• Implementation of ecological corridors connecting native vegetation remnants and creating networks of ecologically representative conservation areas. 
• Recovery of Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and expansion of spring recovery projects, aiming to protect and revitalize natural water sources. 
• Implementation of comprehensive programs to control exotic and invasive species, reducing the spread of propagules, and promoting the growth of native plants. 
• Implementation of protocols for enhancing natural regeneration, including the targeted eradication of non-native species and adaptive management strategies to restore ecosystem functionality. 

• Transform: 

• Developing circular economy solutions to reduce the amount of industrial solid waste sent to landfills, including energy generation, soil acidity correction, and composting. 
• Implementing biodiverse production models and encouraging community-based conservation efforts, such as honey production and seed collection. 
• Expand conservation efforts beyond our own areas by involving the value chain and priority of biodiversity regions. Form strategic partnerships with organizations such as IFC, Conservation International, and Rainforest Alliance to boost the impact of conservation initiatives. 
• Apply the 7Rs framework (redesign, reduce, reuse, repair, renew, recycle, and recover) across all industrial units, with an emphasis on source reduction and enhanced internal recycling efforts. 

The mitigation hierarchy, coupled with monitoring, certifications, and territorial engagement, seeks to prevent and reduce negative impacts—such as erosion, noise, and dust—and enhance positive effects such as ecological connectivity, ecosystem services, and local income. It also includes complaint and response mechanisms to facilitate corrections and reparations when needed. 

In November 2025, Suzano introduced its Nature Strategy, created in partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This strategy formalizes Suzano's approach to embedding nature conservation and regeneration within its business framework, linking productivity, resilience, and conservation. Scientific collaborations and a dedication to sustainable, long-term goals drive it. 

Structured from a comprehensive assessment of material themes related to nature, the strategy addresses topics such as terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, water, waste, emissions, disturbances, and climate change, and organizes practices within the mitigation hierarchy - avoid, reduce, restore, and transform - highlighting the historical integration of nature themes in Suzano's management. 

The document provides specific examples of how the company supports 11 of the 23 goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), thereby strengthening its commitment to a regenerative economy and global conservation efforts. 

Partnering with the IUCN has added scientific rigor, innovation, and an international perspective to Suzano's efforts. The company understands that no single entity can reverse nature's loss alone, emphasizing the need for a joint effort among companies, governments, civil society, communities, and academia to develop systemic solutions. To learn more about Suzano's Nature Strategy, visit: stszprdscentind.blob.core.windows.net/site/documents/Suzano Nature Strategy.pdf. 

Biodiversity policies and commitments 

Suzano is committed to stopping and reversing biodiversity loss through policies such as the Environment and Biodiversity Policy and its zero-deforestation pledge, documented in the Annual Zero Deforestation Report. These guidelines drive forest and landscape management using the mitigation hierarchy—avoid, mitigate, restore, and compensate—and align with the 2050 vision of living in harmony with nature and the 2030 targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Their focus includes conserving and restoring ecosystems, promoting sustainable land use, protecting endangered species, and embedding biodiversity into business strategies, supported by technical advice from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 

Suzano's policies and commitments encompass its forestry and industrial operations in Brazil, including its own, leased, and partner-managed areas, as well as its wood supply chain, which complies with socio-environmental standards and the zero-deforestation pledge. This pledge prohibits planting or acquiring wood from areas converted from native vegetation after a designated baseline year. Beyond directly managed areas, Suzano operates at the landscape level—especially in the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest biomes—through conservation efforts, ecological restoration, and the preservation of ecosystem services. These initiatives involve partnerships with rural landowners, civil society groups, research institutions, international bodies, local communities, and traditional peoples, ensuring that its biodiversity policies extend to business relationships and strategic alliances. 

One of the goals and targets to stop and reverse biodiversity loss is the commitment to connect half a million hectares of priority areas for biodiversity conservation by 2030 through ecological restoration and corridor creation in strategic landscapes (see the section below for more details). 

These goals and targets are based on scientific research, ecological monitoring, and both national and international standards. This includes assessments of species conservation, analyses of landscape connectivity, and criteria for selecting priority conservation areas. Progress is tracked using indicators such as the amount of native vegetation conserved and restored, the area connected relative to the goal of half a million hectares, the number of native trees planted, and trends in the populations and occurrences of species, including endangered primates and the Paulista's beak. Additionally, the verification results for zero deforestation within the supply chain are monitored. These results are regularly compiled and published in public corporate reports to promote transparency, foster continuous learning, and support the ongoing enhancement of Suzano's biodiversity policies and practices. 

Commitment to biodiversity conservation 

Inspired by trees, Suzano has learned that life always renews itself. Trees are part of the solution to society's challenges, such as climate change, the scarcity of natural resources, the loss of biodiversity, and increasing social inequality. That's why the company believes it has a duty to boost this movement of regeneration, oxygenation, and renewal in the world, living its purpose of renewing life inspired by trees every day. 

The World Economic Forum's Global Risk Report (2025) identifies biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse as the second most significant risk over the next decade. Globally and in Brazil, a major threat to biodiversity is habitat fragmentation, which occurs when expansive natural areas are broken into smaller, disconnected parts. This process hampers ecosystem resilience and affects the delivery of essential ecosystem services. 

Connectivity is essential for biodiversity preservation, enabling species to move freely and support natural life-sustaining processes. Well-connected habitats allow species to travel between protected zones, preserve genetic diversity, and adapt to environmental shifts. Ecological corridors are key to linking fragmented habitats, aiding species migration, reproduction, and access to food, and facilitating the establishment of new territories, thereby boosting their survival prospects. 

Given this, we acknowledge our vital role in conserving native vegetation within our operational areas and connecting these zones to other key biodiversity sites across the region. In 2021, we launched the Commitment to Renew Life— a long-term project dedicated to biodiversity conservation. It spans three of Brazil's six biomes, considering the company's entire territory and influence. This initiative aims to minimize biodiversity loss and foster positive ecological impacts, aligning with the targets and goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). 

For this reason, Suzano has committed to connecting half a million hectares of fragmented land—equivalent to four times the size of Rio de Janeiro—in the Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and Amazon biomes by 2030 through ecological corridors. 

Given Suzano's broad territorial influence and the fact that nature does not recognize property boundaries, this commitment encompasses direct operations, supply chain regions, and external zones that intersect corridor areas and source fragments across these three biomes. The aim is to link the most vital fragments for biodiversity. 

Suzano defined this goal through 50 interviews with 63 participants from 41 institutions, including academia, NGOs, and companies. Among them, 38% were NGOs, 32% from the public sector, and 30% from the private sector. This collaborative and strategic process was crucial in establishing a strong, inclusive commitment aligned with global conservation goals. 

For more information on the progress of this goal, its indicators, and governance, visit “Commitment to Renew Life: Conserve Biodiversity”. 

Suzano's Wood Supply Policy mandates planting exclusively in areas previously anthropized by human activity, reinforcing its commitment to zero deforestation. The company also commits to buying wood only from plantations in already urbanized regions, ensuring responsible sourcing and traceability. Any breaches of this policy should be reported confidentially through the Ombudsman channel and will be managed in accordance with Suzano's Code of Conduct. 

Suzano's stance on zero deforestation emphasizes that the company does not plant or source eucalyptus from areas previously covered by native vegetation that have been cleared under its influence or presence. Consequently, Suzano uses only wood from regions previously used for other purposes and opposes deforestation of natural vegetation for production. 

These commitments are implemented through due diligence, forestry certifications, and independent audits, covering both direct operations and the wood supply chain. The base year for the zero-deforestation stance and the Wood Supply Policy is July 2020, meaning land conversion for planting must not have taken place after the policy was published or under Suzano's direct or indirect responsibility. 

To enhance the impact and ensure the effectiveness of conservation efforts, Suzano emphasizes the importance of acting as a network. This approach considers landscape composition and encourages collaboration among diverse stakeholders. To address this, the company introduced its Nature Strategy, created in partnership with the IUCN. This strategy adopts a territorial and collaborative approach rooted in the mitigation hierarchy, combining conservation, restoration, sustainable production, and social inclusion. 

Suzano's Nature Strategy provides concrete examples of how the company supports the goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). It explains how Suzano's policies and commitments help regenerate ecosystems and promote well-being in the territories where it operates. The strategy encompasses Suzano's direct activities in Brazil, including forestry and industrial operations, and acts as a benchmark for enhancing practices across the entire value chain. 

Engaging stakeholders and forming multi-sector partnerships, such as with financial institutions and NGOs, is essential for advancing sustainable development and conserving biodiversity. Collaborating with the IUCN has added scientific rigor, innovation, and an international outlook to Suzano's initiatives. The company acknowledges that no single entity can reverse environmental degradation alone, emphasizing the need for collective efforts among businesses, governments, civil society, communities, and academia to develop systemic solutions. For more details on Suzano's Nature Strategy, visit: stszprdscentind.blob.core.windows.net/site/documents/Suzano Nature Strategy.pdf. 

Commitment to achieve zero deforestation 

For Suzano, zero deforestation involves avoiding the planting or procurement of eucalyptus in areas previously covered by native vegetation that have been deforested, whether legally or illegally, as outlined in its Wood Procurement Policy. This means the company does not clear natural habitats such as forests, savannas, or native grasslands to cultivate eucalyptus. Additionally, Suzano adheres to Brazilian laws, forestry certifications, and international zero deforestation commitments, undergoing annual audits to ensure high standards of sustainability governance. 

The public commitment encompasses all areas under its direct and indirect control, including owned and leased lands, forestry development initiatives (such as partnerships with rural producers), wood suppliers, and commercial partners involved in the forestry supply chain. 

The commitment is documented in the Environment and Biodiversity Policy and supported by Suzano's Annual Zero Deforestation Report. 

Suzano releases the Zero Deforestation Report each year, including indicators on: 

• Forest cover and land use; 
• Cases investigated and corrective actions; 
• Supplier and partner performance; 
• Evolution of conserved and restored areas. 

Over the past five years, the trend has indicated a steady decline in conversion risks, reinforcing Suzano's status as a leading example of responsible forest management and proactive territorial oversight nationally. 

To ensure compliance with its commitments, the company applies the Due Diligence System (SDD) to all the wood supplied to its mills. This assessment verifies that the company's policies are being followed, including commitments to zero deforestation, adherence to international regulations like the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), and compliance with standards such as FSC®, PEFC Forest Management, Controlled Wood (FSC-STD-40-005), the National Risk Assessment for Brazil (FSC-NRA-BR V1-0), and PEFC ST 2002:2020. 

The main stages of this process include: 

• Analysis of documents proving land use rights and assessment of native forest conversion. If there are any conflicts and/or restrictions, these must be properly evaluated by a multidisciplinary team and addressed before the contract is finalized. 
• Analysis of land use boundaries with Conservation Units (UCs), priority areas for conservation, and officially demarcated Indigenous and traditional communities. 

Suzano's deforestation management model integrates technology, governance, and transparency to prevent negative impacts and create positive outcomes—such as protecting biodiversity, allowing natural ecosystem regeneration, and conserving carbon stocks. 

After completing legal and environmental validations, the forest area is registered in Zenith, a system that tracks both owned and outsourced wood. This registration includes key details such as the geolocation of planting and conservation sites, the name of the rural property, and regional and state information. As part of Suzano's traceability program, this process ensures that 100% of products delivered to customers can be traced back to their wood origin. The program oversees the wood throughout planting, management, harvesting, and transport to the mill, where the information is recorded. This data connects the wood to the production batch, including pulp, paper, and tissue products. 

Suzano aims to ensure transparency to its stakeholders by holding FSC® and PEFC Forest Management certifications for its forestry operations, as well as FSC® and PEFC Chain of Custody certifications for its industrial units, distributors, and traders. All traceability measures are regularly evaluated through internal audits and verified by external audits carried out by an independent third-party certification organization. 

To confirm that its value chain is free from deforestation and to adhere to its Zero Deforestation Commitment, Suzano has published the Zero Deforestation Annual Report annually since 2020 (covering 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024). These reports are based on a comprehensive analysis of publicly available data on deforestation in Brazil, cross-referenced against its operational base. 

This analysis covers all the regions where the company operates within the country for the purpose of assessing deforested areas, and includes the following stages: 

• Information gathering, compiling documentary collections, land use and conservation history, and relevant evidence. 
• Analysis and evaluation, reviewing reports, images, and collecting evidence on-site if needed; 
• Development of action plans, covering real estate processes, contracts with third parties, lawsuits, police reports, environmental licenses acquired by third parties, as well as maps and photographic records gathered in the field. 
• Monitoring and control involve tracking cleared areas through Property Surveillance revisits, capturing images, reviewing cases, and even restoring possession. It also includes monitoring legal actions and ensuring areas are incorporated into the Ecological Restoration Program. 

An independent third party audits the verification process to guarantee that it is credible, technically accurate, and unbiased in its analysis and reporting. 

Suzano actively engages in initiatives to protect natural areas through partnerships with NGOs, local governments, and research institutes. These efforts focus on combating deforestation, promoting ecological restoration, and creating conditions that support sustainable development. 

Significant impacts of activities, products, and services on biodiversity 

Suzano recognizes the potential impact of its industrial and forestry activities on natural habitats. It follows a structured approach to risk and opportunity management grounded in the Mitigation Hierarchy Theory, which directs actions to prevent, mitigate, adapt, restore, and compensate for negative impacts, while also aiming to enhance the positive effects of its operations. 

Similarly, the company became an Early Adopter of the TNFD in 2024, pledging its first publication by December 2026. Since then, it has been actively integrating the framework recommendations, with a particular focus on applying the LEAP approach in the pulp and paper industry. 

The company has advanced in pinpointing sensitive zones and examined interactions between its direct activities—such as forestry and industrial operations—and Suzano management, with a focus on key ecosystems. Particular attention is given to water-scarce regions, zones vital for biodiversity, areas with ecosystem integrity, and territories important to local communities. In this evaluation, the company aims to combine publicly available data with primary information to enhance the detail, accuracy, and reliability of the analyses and scenarios it produces. 

Practically and concisely, the methodology for defining ecologically sensitive areas, currently undergoing revision and validation for future reports, includes: 

• Suzano's own farms, leased farms, and managed partnerships (markets or fomentation wood and/or areas managed by funds or third parties are not considered); 
• Own mills and ports; and 
• Area of influence: buffer zone around all the above-mentioned areas. 

Once this delimitation has been defined, the company's areas are spatially overlaid with the variables of the TNFD criteria: ecosystem integrity, risk of water scarcity, communities, and importance for biodiversity. This procedure makes it possible to identify possible areas of overlap with ecologically sensitive zones. 

Regarding mapping and identifying the dependencies and impacts of Suzano's business on nature, the company uses the ENCORE tool, which is recommended by TNFD and widely adopted by peers. Additionally, it conducts technical calibrations with specialists to validate and refine heatmap results, enhancing the identification and prioritization of material dependencies and impacts. This combined approach has increased the robustness and accuracy of their assessments. Furthermore, Suzano participates in working groups and collaborative initiatives, contributing to pilot projects, and considering the sectoral guidelines of the framework. 

The Impacts and Dependencies Diagnosis presently include Suzano's direct forestry and industrial operations at a high level, without detailed breakdowns by individual operating units. Currently, efforts are underway to refine the evaluation of impact and dependency drivers to enhance analysis and deliver consolidated results in the company's first official report as a TNFD Early Adopter. 

Ultimately, the company holds environmental licenses for all its units, which specify measures to mitigate environmental impacts. These include a systematic control and monitoring framework to ensure compliance with quality standards. This effort is underlined by the Corporate Environmental Management Policy, which provides guidelines for managing environmental risks, restoring degraded areas, creating ecological corridors, and ensuring a net positive effect on biodiversity. 

Suzano's inaugural TNFD Early Adopter Report will transparently outline the major impacts of its operations on biodiversity, including both direct and indirect effects, both positive and negative. 

Management and identification of impacts on biodiversity 

Suzano uses the mitigation hierarchy—avoid, mitigate, restore/rehabilitate, compensate, and transform—as the core framework for managing biodiversity impacts from its forestry and industrial activities in Brazil. To prevent negative effects, the company publicly commits zero deforestation, as outlined in its Environmental Policy and emphasized in the Zero Deforestation Annual Report. This means not planting or sourcing wood from native vegetation areas converted after the company's established base year. The company puts this commitment into action by conducting land-use assessments in advance, respecting officially designated Conservation Units and Indigenous and traditional communities, identifying High Conservation Value Areas (HCVA), and establishing exclusion zones or management restrictions in sensitive landscapes. 

When complete elimination of impacts isn't achievable, Suzano implements measures to lessen negative effects on biodiversity within its production zones. These include responsible forest management aligned with FSC® and PEFC® standards, preserving and restoring riparian forests and native vegetation on farms, designing plantation mosaics to ensure habitat connectivity, controlling invasive species, and conducting regular monitoring of flora and fauna. Monitoring biodiversity across various vegetation types and successional stages allows tracking changes in terrestrial vertebrate communities, primates, and native plants. This supports management adjustments and planning to minimize remaining impacts. 

The mitigation hierarchy is strongly reflected in the restoration and rehabilitation efforts. Suzano's Ecological Restoration Program, implemented across all forestry units, follows phases including planning, diagnosis, implementation, maintenance, monitoring, and adaptive management. It aims to restore ecological functions and native vegetation, improve connectivity, and reinforce ecosystem services such as soil conservation, water regulation, air quality, carbon storage, and pollination. Restoration efforts are focused on areas with the greatest potential to impact biodiversity, especially in critical biomes such as the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest. These areas are monitored regarding native vegetation cover, species diversity, and connectivity. The hectares of restored and ongoing-restoration areas are detailed in the environmental performance sections of the Sustainability Report, enabling each unit to track progress. 

During the reporting period, Suzano did not implement any voluntary biodiversity offset mechanisms beyond what is required by Brazilian environmental law. When offsets are necessary for licensing, they adhere to best practices established by authorities, including setting clear objectives, choosing the appropriate location, ensuring ecological equivalence between the impacted and offset areas, and, if needed, verification by environmental agencies or independent auditors. In the absence of specific voluntary offsets, Suzano's approach focuses on large-scale ecological restoration, conserving High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs), and strengthening ecological corridors—initiatives that exceed legal requirements and aim for long-term environmental benefits, aligned with the Commitment to Renew Life (CPRV) on Biodiversity. 

The operating units that have the greatest impact on biodiversity—particularly large forestry operations that interact with HCVAs, endangered species, and key landscapes—possess biodiversity management plans integrated into the company's environmental management systems and forest management guidelines. These plans encompass mapping of high conservation value areas, establishing protection or restricted use zones, setting restoration goals, implementing fauna and flora monitoring protocols, and outlining procedures for preventing and responding to environmental incidents. Other units, especially industrial plants in already consolidated areas with lower ecological sensitivity, do not have dedicated biodiversity plans but adhere to Suzano's Environmental Policy, licensing standards, and certified environmental management systems, consistent with the level of risk and impact in these locations. 

Suzano aims to optimize synergies and minimize trade-offs between biodiversity and climate, focusing on nature-based solutions that support habitat conservation and climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Ecological Restoration Program and ecological corridors are designed to enhance connectivity between native fragments while increasing carbon sequestration and stocks in key landscapes. Their zero-deforestation strategy, along with territorial monitoring and HVCA conservation, prevents emissions from the conversion of native vegetation and safeguards vital ecosystem services, including climate regulation, soil protection, and water resources, ensuring long-term environmental benefits. 

Finally, Suzano aims to ensure that its management of biodiversity impacts avoids negative effects and enhances positive outcomes for stakeholders. This involves socio-environmental due diligence processes that address land-use rights, boundaries with Conservation Units, Indigenous and traditional communities, and engagement with local communities, civil society organizations, universities, international bodies, and other partners. The restoration efforts are overseen and refined through a broad collaborative network comprising NGOs, research institutions, businesses, and local communities, strengthened by participatory monitoring that involves these groups in data collection and result assessment. When identifying HCVAs, Suzano considers factors such as ecosystem services, community needs, and cultural values to ensure that conservation and land-use decisions protect ecological integrity while also supporting the well-being and rights of local people who depend on these territories. 

Suzano identifies significant biodiversity impacts by combining territorial planning tools, corporate commitments, and technical assessments. The process begins with the Impacts and Dependencies Diagnosis, which has been enhanced since 2021. In 2024, its scope was expanded with a pilot project to assess the supply chain's environmental impacts. This analysis helps clarify how the business interacts with nature, pinpointing impact drivers, and opportunities to restore ecosystem services in water and soil, which are vital for biodiversity. It also supports strategic decision-making from an integrated perspective. 

Currently, the Impacts and Dependencies Diagnosis address direct forestry and industrial activities at a macro level, without detailed data at the operating-unit level. A methodological refinement process is ongoing to consolidate these findings into the company's first official report as a TNFD Early Adopter. Alongside this, Suzano maps High Conservation Value Areas (HCVA) in Brazil’s plantations using FSC standards, which assess factors like species diversity, rare or threatened ecosystems, critical ecosystem services, local community needs, Indigenous peoples' interests, and cultural values. This helps Suzano identify the landscapes and regions of highest ecological and social significance within its operational territory. 

The company operates across various Brazilian states, blending eucalyptus plantations with native forests and protected areas (such as APPs and Legal Reserves) in compliance with Brazilian Forestry Law. Protected areas that possess unique biodiversity, ecosystem services, or social and cultural importance can be designated as HCVAs. These areas encompass approximately 1.1 million hectares of native vegetation, including 72 HCVAs and 7 Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs). 

Building on this foundation, the operational units that most affect biodiversity are situated in landscapes with many native remnants, strong ecological connectivity, or the presence of rare, threatened, or critical species, habitats, and ecosystems, as identified by HCVAs and biodiversity studies. These units are where key forestry activities—such as eucalyptus cultivation and harvesting—along with conservation and restoration efforts, take place. This includes establishing ecological corridors and expanding restored areas. 

Suzano implements a Due Diligence System (DDS) for 100% of wood supplied to its mills, ensuring compliance with its Environment and Biodiversity Policy and Zero Deforestation Commitment. This system aligns with international laws like the EU Deforestation Regulation, FSC® and PEFC standards, and Brazil's National Risk Assessment. It examines land documents, native forest conversion history, and proximity to Conservation Units, priority conservation areas, indigenous, and traditional communities. This helps identify supply chains at higher risk of impacting biodiversity and guides targeted mitigation efforts. 

Regarding the direct factors contributing to biodiversity loss, Suzano's operational framework is meticulously designed to promote the conservation of natural ecosystems. This is achieved through its steadfast commitment to zero deforestation across all areas under its direct and indirect management—including owned lands, leased properties, forestry development sites, wood suppliers, and commercial partners within the forestry supply chain. Data on forest cover, land use, investigations conducted, corrective measures implemented, supplier performance, and the progress of conserved and restored areas are comprehensively compiled in the Zero Deforestation Annual Report. This report demonstrates a consistent downward trend in the risks of land conversion over recent years. 

The company also manages a large-scale Ecological Restoration Program, recognized by the UN as one of Brazil's 15 most transformative projects. This initiative aims to improve connectivity among forest fragments, establish networks of representative conservation areas, and fulfill legal requirements (APP and RL) on properties involved in production. Suzano implements practices such as invasive species control, assisted natural regeneration, passive restoration, and adaptive management. These are supported by operational and ecological monitoring that evaluates seedling survival, vegetation cover, species diversity, and connectivity between native fragments. 

In 2024 and 2025, the company achieved key milestones in restoration efforts, including connecting over 100,000 hectares of forest fragments across various landscapes and planting 12 million native trees since 2012. Additionally, they began restoring wetlands in the Atlantic Forest, Amazon, and Cerrado biomes, covering thousands of hectares of secondary forests to protect ecosystems. This information, along with data on historical land conversion and land use monitoring, provides the foundation for reports on ecosystem transformation needs, natural resource use, pollution, and invasive species. 

Environmental licenses at all units also support impact management by establishing mitigation and monitoring measures for emissions, effluents, waste, and other potential pollutants. These align with the Corporate Environmental Management Policy, which guides the identification, monitoring, and mitigation of environmental risks, as well as the restoration of degraded areas, the promotion of ecological corridors, and the achievement of a net positive impact on biodiversity. 

Regarding sites that affect biodiversity and the extent of forest land serving as habitat for endangered species, HCVA mapping and biodiversity surveys help identify forest areas managed by Suzano that provide habitat for endangered or critically endangered species. Examples include: 

• The presence of primate species in the Atlantic Forest, specifically in forest HCVAs characterized by high structural heterogeneity and strong conservation status, underscores the importance of preserving connected habitats to support primate diversity in one of the world's most threatened biomes. 
• The monitoring of the São Paulo marsh harrier (Formicivora paludicola), a critically endangered bird with a distribution extremely restricted to wetlands in the upper Tietê and Paraíba do Sul river basins, in 23 sampling areas of the São Paulo Forest Unit, where 290 bird species and 40 adult harriers were recorded, with only eight known wetlands for the species, and two of which are in Suzano’s areas. 
• The use of innovative technologies, such as passive acoustic monitoring for the black lion tamarin and environmental eDNA in flies, helps map the presence of multiple species in forest corridors. This establishes baselines for evaluating the effectiveness of the functional connectivity promoted by corridor projects. 

Alterations in biodiversity and ecosystem services status 

Suzano mainly monitors biodiversity changes through its Ecological Restoration Program, the biodiversity monitoring network linked to the Commitment to Renew Life (CPRV) - Conserving Biodiversity, and analyses of connectivity and landscape integrity. The program adheres to guidelines outlined in an Ecological Restoration Management Manual, which covers the planning, diagnosis, implementation, maintenance, and monitoring stages. 

During the diagnosis phase, the company evaluates environmental conditions and land use in each area targeted for restoration, employing field surveys and remote-sensing tools such as drones, satellite imagery, and Lidar. These methods help determine the ecosystem's resilience capacity and choose the most suitable restoration approach. Operational monitoring ensures the quality of activities like seedling planting, survival rates, weed and ant management, and soil preparation. Simultaneously, ecological monitoring examines factors such as biodiversity, vegetation structure, and connectivity, providing indicators of when areas meet legal and internal restoration standards. 

Throughout 2024 and 2025, Suzano connected more than 100,000 hectares of forest fragments, began restoring wetlands across the Atlantic Forest, the Amazon, and the Cerrado, and achieved a total of 12 million native trees planted since 2012. This effort strengthens landscape connectivity and ecosystem recovery. These outcomes serve as indicators of ecological improvement in the restored areas and near the plantations, allowing tracking of ecosystem recovery progress over time. 

Furthermore, targeted monitoring of fauna and flora—including primates in the Atlantic Rainforest, palm trees in forest corridors, avian species in wetlands (São Paulo Marsh Antwren), and the utilization of eDNA technologies—produces baseline data and longitudinal series that enable the evaluation of biodiversity development in critical landscape regions. 

Suzano understands that maintaining ecosystem services is essential for its business continuity, as eucalyptus plantations rely directly on natural resources. In accordance with the National Policy for Payment for Environmental Services (Law No. 14.119/2021), the company structures its initiatives in around four key categories. 

• Provisioning services, including the supply of wood, fibers, water, and other environmental products. 
• Regulatory services include carbon sequestration and storage, air quality maintenance, and environmental standard regulation. the hydrological cycle and controlling critical erosion processes and potential pest populations; 
• Cultural services related to recreation, tourism, cultural identity, and spiritual values. 
• Support services include nutrient cycling, soil fertility maintenance, pollination, and biodiversity preservation. 

Suzano guides its operational decisions to maintain the integrity of ecosystem services in the areas where it operates, aiming to maximize benefits and minimize risks of environmental loss. The Ecological Restoration Program directly helps increase services like water supply and purification, pest and disease control, climate regulation at local and regional levels, air quality improvement, carbon sequestration and storage, and pollination. These efforts bring environmental and social advantages to local communities, partner rural producers, nearby Indigenous peoples, and society. 

Suzano's Nature Strategy, launched in November 2025 in partnership with IUCN, adopts a territorial and collaborative approach built on the mitigation hierarchy: avoid, reduce, restore, and transform. It integrates conservation, restoration, sustainable production, and social inclusion. The strategy highlights opportunities to enhance ecosystem services from forests, such as developing bioeconomy solutions, creating shared value with communities via sustainable supply chains, fostering partnerships for environmental innovation, and accessing green financing. 

The beneficiaries of the ecosystem services provided by Suzano's forests and conservation areas include: 

• Local communities and Indigenous peoples benefit from access to water, food, and income opportunities, as well as the preservation of cultural values. 
• Forestry development partners and rural producers benefit from more productive soils, reduced erosion, improved pest management, and greater climate resilience. 
• Society, in general, benefits from climate regulation, biodiversity conservation, and watershed protection. 

For ecosystem services that do not provide direct payments to the company, management primarily involves conserving large areas of native vegetation, establishing ecological corridors, controlling invasive species, restoring wetlands, and maintaining the integrity of APPs and RLs, as previously described. 

Optimizing opportunities for the ecosystem services provided 

The balance of ecosystem services, rooted in conserving and sustainably utilizing natural resources, is essential for Suzano, since its business model is closely tied to the environment. As a nature-based company, Suzano's eucalyptus plantations and pulp production rely directly on natural resources. Hence, efforts to conserve biodiversity and restore ecosystems, which also benefit society, are crucial for the long-term sustainability of the company's business model. 

Brazilian law (Law No. 14,119 of January 13, 2021), which defines the National Policy for Payment for Environmental Services, categorizes ecosystem services into four types. 

• Provisioning services: supply environmental goods or products for consumption or sale, such as water, food, wood, fibers, and extracts. 
• Regulatory services: promote ecosystem stability by supporting functions like carbon sequestration and storage, maintaining air quality and the hydrological cycle, and controlling key erosion processes and potential pest populations. 
• Cultural services: non-material benefits offered by ecosystems, such as recreation, tourism, cultural identity, spiritual and aesthetic experiences, and intellectual growth. 
• Support services: ensure fundamental ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, production, maintenance, or renewal of soil fertility, pollination, and maintenance of biodiversity. 

Suzano directs its operational decisions to protect ecosystem services within its territory, aiming to contribute positively through various practices, programs, and projects, as illustrated below. 

In 2021, the company started measuring its impacts on nature to provide more precise information for strategic planning and decision-making. The impact categories included in the assessment involve: 

• Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; 
• Air pollution 
• Water pollution; 
• Water use; 
• Use of resources; 
• Land use; 
• Water conservation ecosystem service; 
• Soil conservation ecosystem service; 
• Climate change mitigation ecosystem service. 

Suzano's measurement follows the guidelines of the Natural Capital Protocol, created by the Capitals Coalition and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), to determine impact trajectories and indicators of the ReCiPe 2016 Life Cycle Assessment method. This approach enables the quantification of the impacts on human well-being resulting from changes in nature caused by the company's activities. 

In 2024, Suzano extended its impact measurement to include an assessment of nature-related dependencies and risks and utilized these findings to analyze compliance with the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) guidelines. 

Since 2021, the company has continually improved its impact measurement methods, and in 2024, it expanded its analysis scope by piloting the assessment of its supply chain's environmental impacts. 

Measuring impacts helps Suzano better understand how its operations effect the environment. This insight supports taking specific actions to reduce harmful effects and boost positive outcomes. The results highlight Suzano's significant potential to restore ecosystem services such as water and soil conservation, which are vital for biodiversity. 

Motivated by the goal of creating a regenerative economy, this new approach aims to guide strategic decisions from an integrated perspective. It emphasizes that a company's relationship with nature is crucial for demonstrating business value. 

As an early adopter of the TNFD standard, with plans to disclose results in 2026 (based on 2025 as the reference year), the Opportunities Diagnosis is being developed. It focuses on the company's direct operations and aligns with TNFD guidelines. The aim is to enhance the analysis and compile the results for Suzano's first official report as an Early Adopter. 

Suzano, in its effort to embed nature into its business approach, introduced the Nature Strategy, created in partnership with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This strategy adopts a territorial and collaborative approach rooted in the mitigation hierarchy (avoid, reduce, restore, and transform). It directs the company's activities toward conservation, restoration, sustainable production, and social inclusion. The strategy primarily applies to Suzano's direct operations in Brazil, serving as a benchmark for enhancing practices across the entire value chain and fostering socio-environmental benefits at a territorial level. 

Suzano's Nature Strategy emphasizes several opportunities to enhance ecosystem services from forests. These include creating circular economy solutions and renewable products, tapping into new bioeconomy markets, generating shared value with communities through sustainable production, strengthening partnerships for environmental innovation, accessing green financing, and elevating Suzano's status as a leader in regenerative practices. 

These opportunities highlight the company's ability to support a low-carbon economy, restore ecosystems, and create environmental and social benefits, aligning with the goals of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). 

Biodiversity monitoring 

Biodiversity monitoring entails observing changes in landscape elements and wildlife, including plant life, to assess the effects of forest management. This evaluation is performed at the landscape scale and focuses on herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles), avifauna (birds), mastofauna (medium- and large-sized mammals), as well as native vegetation such as shrubs and trees. 

The monitored sample areas are part of various forest-cover mosaics that host diverse phytophysiognomies across the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest biomes. So far, Suzano has documented over 4,500 species of flora and fauna, approximately 190 of which are threatened with extinction and 180 of which are endemic. For each identified species, the data include its characteristics (such as morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny, habits, diet, and behavior), geographical distribution (including collection records, recording methods, biome, phytophysiognomy, and successional stage), levels of endemism, and threat status. 

Spatialization, variety of environments, and well-preserved remnants support a wide range of species. These areas are crucial for showcasing the diversity of wild fauna and native flora within the company's territories, both locally and regionally. 

Besides the results from biodiversity monitoring, several initiatives are currently in progress, including: 

Conserving threatened primate populations in the Commitment to Renew Life (CPRV) Biodiversity Program 

The Threatened Primates initiative is part of the Biodiversity CPRV and aims to generate, apply, and share scientific knowledge to recover and conserve priority primate populations within ecological corridors. This supports their current and future dispersal and presence. Primates are a critical biological group because of their close association with forest ecosystems and their reliance on the tree canopy as their main habitat. In essence, without forest environments, primates cannot exist. 

Amazon Corridor: The key primate species is the black bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas), classified as endangered and endemic to the far eastern Amazon. In 2025, researchers from the Muriqui Institute of Biodiversity (MIB) extended monitoring to three additional forest fragments in western Maranhão. They employed active search methods, including playback points and linear transects, covering 213.4 kilometers across 240.5 hours of sampling. This effort yielded 74 primate records, including 5 of the black bearded saki and 12 of the Kaapori capuchin (Cebus kaapori), another Amazonian primate with a limited distribution. Recognized as one of the 25 most endangered primates globally by the IUCN, this species is vital to conservation. They confirm the existence of remnant populations in fragmented habitats and underscore the importance of ecological corridors to facilitate connectivity, dispersal, and survival of these species. 

Cerrado Corridor: the main species is azaras's capuchin (Sapajus cay), recognized for its high behavioral adaptability. Although classified as “Least Concern” (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), it faces increasing threats, including habitat loss, forest fires, and hunting, which have caused a decline in its population. Eleven key fragments along the 400-kilometer corridor have been identified in collaboration with the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). UFMS has begun a survey in one of these fragments to study the species' ecological and behavioral patterns and how these relate to fragment size and quality. The aim is to gather scientific and technical insights to develop conservation and management strategies for protecting Sapajus cay and the remaining Cerrado habitats in Brazil’s Center-West region. 

Atlantic Forest Corridor: the key primate species is the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba guariba). In 2024, researchers from the Bicho do Mato Research Institute conducted a survey in four fragments located in Espírito Santo. The sampling was performed using innovative technology: drones equipped with thermal cameras. The drone scanned the entire length of the fragments, searching for heat signatures. When a heat signature was detected, the digital camera zoomed in to identify the object. This process made it possible to identify the primates. Over 2,500 minutes of flight time, there were 10 records for 4 primate species, with the brown howler monkey recorded in Suzano's Mutum Preto and Recanto das Antas Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs). The other species included the crested capuchin monkey (Sapajus robustus), the masked titi monkey (Callicebus personatus), and the white-faced marmoset (Callithrix geoffroyi).      

Conserving palm populations in the Biodiversity CPRV 

The Palm Trees line of action within the Biodiversity CPRV emphasizes the significance of palm trees for their potential to enhance productive and economic biodiversity, thereby helping to conserve existing forests. It also highlights the vast diversity of species and forms across Brazilian biomes, along with the immense potential for sustainable and inclusive management by traditional communities and peoples who continue to live near Brazil's major natural remnants. 

Atlantic Forest Corridor: In 2024, researchers from the State University of Santa Cruz (UESC) established 52 50 x 10-meter plots, distributed across 13 forest remnants along the corridor. They recorded a total of 444 adult juçara (Euterpe edulis) individuals, and so far, 17 palm species have been identified, spanning 8 genera. In addition to sampling the adult individuals, leaf tissue was collected from all young juçara palms and stored at UESC's Biotechnology and Genetics Center (CBG). The DNA from these samples is being prepared for future analysis of diversity indices, genetic structure, and gene flow within the populations. This data will provide an initial baseline for future comparisons, enabling us to evaluate the effectiveness of the corridor's conservation efforts. 

Use of new technology in biodiversity monitoring at the CPRV 

In 2024, the Ecological Research Institute (IPÊ) started monitoring biodiversity to establish baseline data on functional connectivity within the corridors. This involves analyzing the current species distribution, enabling the assessment of positive biodiversity impacts as the project advances. 

Environmental eDNA is a novel method for biodiversity monitoring. It involves using traps to catch flies, such as saprophagous, hematophagous, and coprophagous species, and extracting their contact DNA. This DNA is then analyzed at the Molecular Biodiversity and Conservation Laboratory at the Federal University of São Carlos (LabBMC/UFSCar). This process enables the identification of species present in the area. 

Project to implement innovative technology for monitoring the black lion tamarin. 

The target species is a small primate threatened with extinction, the black lion tamarin (MLP) (Leontopithecus chrysopygus). Starting in 2024, the project is a partnership between Suzano and the Primatology Laboratory of São Paulo State University (LaP/Unesp), located in Rio Claro, and is developed by researcher Anne Sophie de Almeida e Silva, a fellow of the Inova Talentos program of the Euvaldo Lodi Institute (IEL). The project is being conducted at Fazenda Rio Claro (FRC), in Lençóis Paulista. 

The MLP is a rare species endemic to São Paulo and designated an environmental heritage site by Decree No. 60,519 on June 5, 2014. Its current population consists of slightly over 20 fragments of Atlantic Forest, accounting for less than 1% of its former range. This underscores the importance of these remaining areas, including the FRC, for the species' conservation. 

The main goal is to determine the MLP’s spatial and temporal occupancy patterns in the area. To achieve this, a recent and innovative method called passive acoustic mapping (PAM) is employed, which involves installing automatic recorders that capture all sounds in the forest. Artificial intelligence (AI) is then used to analyze these recordings, enabling automated detection of MLP vocalizations. This study is the first to apply AI as a bioacoustics tool for this species. 

So far, 4,920 hours of recordings have been processed and analyzed, resulting in the identification of 5 MLP groups and two other primate species in the area: 3 groups of howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba) and 7 groups of capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus). Based on this data, we can highlight: 

• The efficiency of the methodology, PAM and AI, respectively, is in capturing and automatically detecting the vocalizations of the three primate species. 
• The ecological resilience of these species, which remain in sizable populations in the FRC landscape. 

Endangered Primates Project 

In its fourth year collaborating with the Forestry Engineering Department of the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), led by Professor Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo, this project surveyed and monitored endangered primates using a mix of traditional methods, like active searches and playbacks (which reproduce primate calls), and modern techniques, including canopy camera traps and thermal drone flights. 

The activities took place in two Suzano regions within the Pindamonhangaba and Pilar do Sul municipalities, part of the São Paulo Forest Management Unit. These sites are among the largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state and are designated as High Conservation Value Areas (HCVAs). 

Five primate species were identified across the two research areas: southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides), black-fronted titi monkey (Callithrix aurita), howler monkey (Alouatta guariba), Sapajus nigritus, and Callicebus nigrifrons. Aside from the black-fronted titi monkey, which faces some threats, the other species are also at varying levels of extinction risk. 

The southern muriqui serves as the flagship species of the project. It is estimated that about 1,200 adult individuals live in the wild, and it is listed as “Endangered” by the Ministry of the Environment (MMA). Endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and the largest neotropical primate, the muriqui plays a crucial ecological role by dispersing seeds, which helps regenerate and sustain forest diversity. Around 10% of the population is monitored by the project, highlighting the significance of Suzano's areas for their conservation. 

In one of the HCVA areas, we estimate that at least 71 southern muriquis are distributed across three separate social groups. Additionally, there are four groups of capuchin monkeys, six groups of black-fronted titi monkeys, and at least one group of howler monkeys. The largest terrestrial record of muriquis in this zone documented 38 individuals in a single group, and the third review of camera-trap data recorded 650 detections of fauna. In the second HCVA, the maximum number of muriquis observed during a single overflight was 21 individuals, with 18 seen on land, along with at least five howler monkeys and eight capuchin monkeys. 

The presence and coexistence of these primate species depend on a mix of environmental, ecological, and behavioral factors. Key elements like habitat structure and diversity—such as a variety of trees, vertical canopy layers, and a well-developed understory—are essential for niche partitioning and dietary differences. These findings highlight the importance of conserving well-preserved and connected forests, like the HCVAs, to protect primate diversity in the Atlantic Rainforest, one of the most endangered biomes worldwide. 

São Paulo Marsh Antwren monitoring 

Since 2022, Suzano has been monitoring the São Paulo Marsh Antwren (Formicivora paludicola) populations within the São Paulo Forest Unit, in collaboration with Save Brasil, the BirdLife International Alliance representative in Brazil. 

The São Paulo Marsh Antwren is a recently identified passerine bird, first documented in 2004. It has an extremely limited geographical range, found only in wetlands or marshes within the upper basins of the Tietê and Paraíba do Sul rivers. 

The species was officially described in 2014 and is considered one of the most significant discoveries in Brazilian ornithology this century. It is currently critically endangered and has been designated a conservation priority in the 2023 National Plan for Birds of the Atlantic Forest - 2nd Cycle, created by the National Center for Research and Conservation of Wild Birds at Cemave/ICMBio. 

In 2025, the company's sample areas included 23 sites across the municipalities of Guararema, Mogi das Cruzes, Santa Branca, and São José dos Campos. A total of 290 bird species were documented, among which 40 adult São Paulo Marsh Antwrens were observed in two of these locations. 

Only eight wetland areas are known to be inhabited by the species, two of which are on Suzano properties. These populations are crucial for the species' survival both in the short and long term. 

The company's actions, including sustainable forest management, property surveillance with preventive checks against hunting and illegal capture, activities of forest fire brigades, and species monitoring, are directly aligned with national proposals to conserve Atlantic Forest birds. 

Ecological restoration program 

Suzano views ecological restoration as a core responsibility and commitment in the regions where it operates. To comply with legal, certification, and voluntary standards, the company has been implementing the Ecological Restoration Program since 2010, encompassing the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest biomes across all its forestry units. 

Suzano considers the restoration and rehabilitation of ecosystems essential to its sustainability and biodiversity strategy. These efforts are carried out in coordination with its forestry and industrial activities, integrated into daily operations rather than solely after closing units. This approach demonstrates the company's dedication to conserving nature alongside responsible production. 

These actions are part of long-term planning aligned with Suzano's public commitments, including the goal to connect half a million hectares of priority areas for biodiversity conservation by 2030. They aim to optimize operations and foster ecological recovery within productive landscapes and conservation areas, covering native forests, ecological corridors, and cultivation areas. Restoration is viewed as an integral element of the forestry and industrial chain, supporting environmental resilience, ecosystem balance, and social value creation. 

Brazil has seen numerous successful projects aimed at restoring degraded areas. Suzano, one of the country's leading pulp and paper companies, invests in replanting and restoring these areas. Its Ecological Restoration Program aims to enhance connectivity among existing forest patches, develop networks of representative conservation areas across its territories, and ensure the legal compliance of rural properties involved in its operations. 

In 2020, Suzano's Ecological Restoration Program was recognized by the UN as one of Brazil's 15 most transformative projects for economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The case was also among six selected from over 5,000 submissions. This selection was made by experts from the UN's Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea), and the federal government. Out of 131 studies reviewed, 66 were chosen for the “Big Push for Sustainability” collection. Suzano's initiative was also recognized as a best practice aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and featured in the publication of Inspiring Examples to Drive Change. 

The program encourages enhancements in ecosystem services, including water supply and purification, pest and disease biological control, local and regional climate regulation, air quality improvement, carbon sequestration and storage, and pollination. For additional information, refer to the indicator “Optimization of opportunities for ecosystem services provided by forest areas." 

The general guidelines and procedures for the Ecological Restoration Program are outlined in Suzano's Ecological Restoration Management Manual, which covers planning, diagnosis, implementation, maintenance, and monitoring. 

The planning of the areas for restoration is determined by legal deadlines related to license conditions, Environmental Restoration Commitment Terms (TCRA), and Degraded Areas Restoration Plans (PRAD), as well as logistical considerations and proximity to farms. 

In the diagnostic stage, the environmental and land-use conditions of each area are characterized. This can be done in the field and/or through remote sensing techniques, using drones, satellite images, and Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging), among other technologies. Based on the results, the resilience potential of the areas is assessed to inform the choice of the appropriate implementation method for each area. 

Activities occur during the implementation phase to determine whether an area is “in the process of restoration.” The chosen method, decided during the diagnostic phase, depends on the area's level of degradation, its self-regenerative capacity, and the identification and management of its degradation factors. 

To ensure efficient and consistent restoration processes, Suzano actively seeks technical recommendations that support the successful recovery of our areas. We regularly update our technical management lists based on these recommendations. The chosen restoration method depends on the degree of degradation and the area's potential for self-regeneration. 

The methodologies that may be employed are: 

• Total planting: planting native species seedlings across an entire area, performed in locations lacking natural regeneration. This method is like eucalyptus silviculture. 
• Planting native species alongside eucalyptus: the Brazilian Forest Code permits restoring Legal Reserves (LR) through commercial silviculture planting on 50% of the area to be restored (currently, this method is only permitted in Espírito Santo). 
• Direct seeding: performed in areas lacking natural regeneration. This innovative ecological restoration method involves using drones to spread seeds in degraded zones, especially those that are hard to reach. 
• Nucleation: planting strips of native vegetation, covering 50% of the area. The unplanted strip will naturally regenerate over time. This method is used in areas with exposed soil, pasture, and sparse, degraded pasture where regeneration is limited. 
• Control of exotic and invasive species: a vital activity aimed at reducing the spread of propagules and environmental dominance by these species, as well as decreasing the occurrence of new invaded areas (removal of seedlings or trees). 
• Assisted natural regeneration involves removing exotic species, such as brachiaria grass, through mowing and weeding, as well as trees such as Pinus sp. and Acacia spp., to create space for native plants to grow. 
• Passive restoration: isolating the area to eliminate degradation factors, thereby stopping the movement of livestock, people, and production activities. 
• Adaptive management: if the restoration does not progress as expected, a new intervention is needed. In this case, adaptive management will be implemented, which could involve enrichment or densification. The requirement for adaptive management arises from the monitoring phases of the restoration areas. 

The maintenance phase involves cultural treatments to support the survival of regenerating plants or those from seeds or seedlings. During this phase, activities such as applying fertilizer, chemical weeding, and mowing may be performed. The specific activities are determined during the monitoring phase. 

To correct the area's ecological trajectory after identifying an unsatisfactory indicator and to enhance the techniques and methodologies, Suzano has implemented a monitoring plan for restoration areas. This plan includes two main types: operational (or silviculture) monitoring and ecological monitoring. 

Operational monitoring is designed to verify the quality standards of the activities carried out. It encompasses assessments of native seedling quality, planting survival rates, weed and ant control, and the operational execution, including soil preparation, planting, and herbicide application outcomes. 

Ecological monitoring aims to evaluate the ecological characteristics of areas undergoing restoration. This assessment determines whether adaptive management activities (densification of planting, enrichment, and others) are needed to adjust the local ecological trajectory. It also helps to indicate how close areas are to being considered 'restored'. Areas are deemed restored when they meet the restoration of reference values specified by state legislation or company standards. These standards may also include landscape indicators alongside the previously mentioned parameters. 

Suzano employs a comprehensive strategy for ecological restoration and landscape reconnection, aiming to enhance biodiversity and revive ecosystem services. 

The success rate is evaluated using metrics such as seedling survival, vegetation cover, species diversity, and connectivity among native fragments. 

In 2024, Suzano reached key milestones in its restoration efforts, such as: 

• Connecting over 100,000 hectares of forest patches across various landscapes; 
• Since 2012, an accumulation of 12 million native trees has been planted; 
• Expand partnerships with the public sector and NGOs to strengthen efforts under the Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact; 
• Advancement in participatory monitoring efforts that include local communities and scientific organizations; 
• The restoration process will begin in 2024 with 923 hectares and in 2024 with 1,118 hectares, focusing on wetlands within the Atlantic Forest biome. This effort aims to protect over 12,000 hectares of secondary forests in the biome. 
• The restoration process will begin with 113 hectares in 2024 and 686 hectares in 2025, aiming to protect wetlands within the Amazon biome, which includes 4,986 thousand hectares of secondary forests. 
• The restoration process will begin with 264 hectares in 2024 and 175 hectares in 2025, aiming to protect wetlands within the Cerrado biome, covering a total of 50,922.93 hectares. 

These results highlight Suzano's large-scale restoration model, which is grounded in science, emphasizes connectivity, and promotes a positive impact on ecosystems. 

Suzano's restoration efforts provide direct environmental and social advantages, supporting the ecological balance in the regions where the company operates. 

The primary ecosystem services offered include: 

Suzano's Ecological Restoration Program has thus contributed to increasing the coverage of native vegetation in Brazil and to reducing environmental impacts, as well as the adaptive capacity of these environments to climate change. 

Partnerships for biodiversity conservation 

Due to Suzano's extensive territory and the diverse environments it operates in—each requiring unique capabilities, technologies, and perspectives—it was essential to develop a broad network of strategic partners, including NGOs, universities, companies, and local communities. This collaborative network has driven Suzano's innovations in technology and management approaches for natural capital, aiming to enhance efficiency, minimize environmental impacts, and create employment and knowledge-sharing opportunities tailored to each biome. Below are some of the key partnerships and their strategic objectives. 

• Alliance for the Restoration of the Amazon: includes the company as a member of this pact aimed at conserving the Amazon, which is today known as the world's largest biodiversity reserve. Restoring the Amazon Rainforest is the main goal of the Alliance and its founding organizations, which encompass civil society groups, government agencies, research entities, and companies. Their focus is on boosting the forest restoration economy within the biome, encouraging all parts of the production chain to create business opportunities, jobs, and income. Suzano participates in the Strategic Coordination Council as a private-sector representative, responsible for developing standards, rules, principles, and policies for the Alliance's management and operations. 
• Bicho do Mato Research Institute: the initiatives of the Biodiversity Commitment to Renew Life (CPRV) focus on primates. The key species of the Atlantic Forest corridor is the howler monkey (Allouatta guariba guariba), a species chosen for its close relationship with forest formations and its ecological reliance on the tree canopy. In other words, without forest environments, there are no primates. The two main actions are: 

• Searching for new populations of the species within priority fragments 
• Monitoring population dynamics in areas where the species is present. 

• Brazilian Coalition on Climate, Forests and Agriculture: a multi-sector movement composed of leading agribusiness organizations in Brazil, primary civil organizations within the environmental and climate sector, eminent representatives from academia, sector associations, and prominent companies in the fields of wood, cosmetics, steel, paper, and pulp, among others (with more than 300 members). The aim is to collaborate with the Brazilian government, foster open dialogue among various entities and corporations, and establish alliances for international cooperation, with the objective of making the low-carbon economy feasible, monitoring the evolution of relevant processes, and effectively communicating ideas and outcomes to society. 
• Brazilian Business Council for Sustainable Development (CEBDS): Suzano is a signatory of CEBDS, which aims to promote sustainable development through collaboration with governments and civil society, as well as the dissemination of current concepts and practices in this field. CEBDS serves as the representative in Brazil for the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), a network comprising nearly 60 national and regional councils across 36 countries, representing 22 industrial sectors, and 200 business groups operating globally. Since 1998, the institution has represented its members at all United Nations Conferences of the Parties on Climate Change, and since 2000, at Conferences of the Parties on Biological Diversity. 
• Conservation International (CI): endeavors to establish collaborative efforts to formulate strategic initiatives that facilitate and enhance programs aimed at socio-ecological restoration, biodiversity preservation, and the socio-economic advancement of affiliated communities across key regions in the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest. 
• Diálogo Florestal: initiative that promotes interaction among companies in the forestry industry, sector associations, civil society organizations, community groups, Indigenous peoples, trade associations, and academic, research, and extension institutions. Its purpose is to broaden the efforts to conserve and restore the environment. Suzano participates in the São Paulo Forest Forum, the Bahia Forest Forum, the Capixaba Forest Forum, and is also involved in the national board of the Forest Dialogue. 
• iNovaland/South Bahia Environmental Fund (Fasb): iNovaland Brasil, part of the iNovaland® Group holding, is dedicated to forest restoration projects through the Fasb Program. Its partnership with Suzano aims to develop segments of the Atlantic Forest Corridor, with an estimated BRL 25 million investment from a matching fund shared by both companies. The initiative plans to restore 478 hectares and encourage sustainable land use on third-party rural properties along the corridor, which aims to connect 170,000 hectares of forest fragments by 2030. The project spans three years, with ongoing maintenance and monitoring until 2030. 
• Taquari Vivo Institute: responsible for establishing the Flor do Cerrado Seed Network, a seed collection network made up of quilombolas and settlements in Mato Grosso do Sul. Suzano has been supporting the network's strengthening through technical training and financial support. 
• The International Finance Corporation (IFC): part of the World Bank Group, partners with Suzano to restore and sustainably manage land in rural areas and settlements within the Cerrado Corridor in Mato Grosso do Sul. The project is set for completion by 2026/2027, with ongoing maintenance through 2029. This effort will initially connect approximately 35,000 hectares of native vegetation fragments in the Cerrado biome. 
• Primatology Laboratory (LaP) of the São Paulo State University (Unesp), Rio Claro campus, has established a partnership for scientific research on the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus), a primate endemic to the state of São Paulo. This species is recognized as a state environmental heritage site (Decree No. 60,519, dated June 5, 2014) and is classified as "in danger of extinction" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Its population is currently confined to less than 1% of its original distribution area. The project aims to determine the current distribution of the species through passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), with the objective of developing targeted conservation actions by Suzano. Additionally, the project seeks to enhance understanding of the species' ecology and the landscape in which it resides. 
• Muriqui Biodiversity Institute (MIB): The Biodiversity CPRV includes a focus on primates. The primary species in the Amazon corridor is the black bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas), selected due to its close ecological connection with forest ecosystems, especially the tree canopy, which is crucial for its survival. In essence, primates depend entirely on forest environments. The two main actions are: 

• Searching for new populations of the species within priority fragments; 
• Monitoring population dynamics in fragmented habitats where the species exists. 

• New Generation Plantations: established by the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF), serves as a platform for the dissemination of knowledge regarding climate change, biodiversity, landscape restoration, sustainable development, and the bioeconomy. It facilitates the exchange of best practices and encourages collaborative learning about plantations. The platform unites a community of individuals and organizations from civil society, the public sector, the private sector, and academia to develop solutions that transform landscapes and enhance positive impacts. 
• One Trillion Trees - 1t.org: aims to mobilize, connect, and empower the global reforestation community to conserve, restore, and plant 1 trillion trees by 2030. This initiative supports the United Nations Decade for Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030) and is part of the World Economic Forum's efforts to promote nature-based solutions, with funding from Marc and Lynne Benioff of the Marc R. Benioff Foundation. 
• The Pact for the Restoration of the Atlantic Forest, which aims to recover 15 million hectares of forest in Brazil by 2050, exemplifies Suzano's commitment to forming strong partnerships. Over 100 institutions and companies are involved in this initiative, helping to restore a significant area of native vegetation in the biome. 
• Partners for the Amazon Platform: a platform for collective action by the private sector to promote new models of sustainable development in the Amazon. Its aim is to develop and identify tangible and innovative solutions for conserving biodiversity and natural resources within this biome, while also ensuring the quality of life for communities in the region. 
• Procter & Gamble (P&G)/WWF: collaborating on a strategic initiative to restore the Atlantic Forest in Espírito Santo. This effort, coordinated with other native forest restoration projects carried out by Suzano, is integral to P&G's commitment to achieving carbon neutrality across all its operations by the end of this decade. The project's primary objective is to ensure the protection and rehabilitation of the Atlantic Forest through a comprehensive approach that encompasses social, environmental, and sustainable development considerations. The activities in Espírito Santo will be spearheaded by WWF Brasil and will benefit from Suzano's support and expertise in generating income for local communities. 
• Rainforest Alliance (RA): In 2024, Suzano committed to a three-year partnership with Forest Allies, a community that facilitates collaboration between the private sector and other stakeholders to share best practices and develop solutions for rainforest protection, restoration, and responsible management. This partnership enhances RA's presence in Brazil and supports projects in the Amazon Basin while advancing Suzano's long-term biodiversity goals. 
• Save Brasil - Society for the Conservation of Birds in Brazil: monitors the São Paulo Marsh Antwren (Formicivora paludicola), a species limited to six municipalities in the Alto Tietê and Paraíba Valley regions of São Paulo state. Recognized as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List, it is one of the most remarkable discoveries in Brazilian ornithology this century. In 2023, it was included in the National Action Plan (PAN) for Birds of the Atlantic Forest (ICMBio Ordinance No. 3369). Suzano collaborates with Save Brasil to monitor the species on farms within the Paraíba Valley. 
• Sofidel: The Amazon corridor is part of Suzano's Biodiversity Commitment, a strategy focused on conserving and promoting biological diversity in the Amazon. It seeks to protect this unique ecosystem by combining efforts. Sofidel, a leading global manufacturer of household and sanitary paper and a customer of Suzano, is contributing resources to activities that support sustainable agroforestry systems and boost the socio-economic growth of local communities along the corridor. The Brazilian Institute for Development and Sustainability (IABS) serves as the project's implementing partner, working on ecological restoration and sustainable management in different parts of the corridor. 
• The Nature Conservancy (TNC): In 2024, as a component of its water strategy, Suzano has become a member of TNC and is now included in the Water Coalition. The company intends to expand the implementation of sustainable practices for the preservation of water resources in river basins situated in regions with high water stress across the Amazon, Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado biomes. This partnership consolidates efforts among government bodies, private sector entities, civil society organizations, and local farmers to develop and enhance mechanisms focused on restoration, conservation, and optimal land management practices, aiming to strengthen water security in the regions where it operates - issues of strategic significance to Suzano. 
• The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): In recognition of its centenary in 2024, Suzano has entered into a two-year partnership with the IUCN. This collaboration will leverage the organization's expertise to develop the company's nature strategy, with the objective of inspiring other corporations to set ambitious environmental goals and contribute to the objectives outlined in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. To formulate the strategy, Suzano will utilize insights gained from interviews conducted by the IUCN with its key stakeholders, as well as an international advisory committee comprising subject matter experts convened by the IUCN, which will offer strategic recommendations. 
• Santa Cruz State University (Uesc): The Biodiversity CPRV has a specific action plan focused on palm trees. The main species in the Atlantic Forest corridor are the maria-rosa (Syagrus macrocarpa) and the juçara (Euterpe edulis). The objective is to assess the corridor's effectiveness by using the Arecaceae family as a biological indicator. This includes gathering data on species richness and abundance, discovering new occurrence sites, analyzing gene flow distance, diversity, and genetic structure of the species. Additionally, the plan aims to identify fragments with palm populations at greater genetic risk, map the key species within the populations of these fragments, and incorporate the gene pool of these individuals in ecological restoration efforts. 

Find out more by accessing the indicators “Total number and percentage of suppliers that have undergone environmental and social assessment”, “Percentage of products with traceable origin of raw materials”, and “Commitments and partnerships”. 

The tables below provide the following information: 

• Total areas maintained by Suzano by type of soil use; 
• Protected habitats by type and forest management unit; 
• Total area size undergoing restoration, by forest management unit; 
• Size of areas undergoing restoration processes, by forest management unit. 
• High Conservation Value Area (HCVA) by forest management unit.