Suzano aims to develop bioproducts with minimal environmental impact to address societal challenges. We conduct Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies, following ABNT NBR ISO 14040/14044 and ISO 14067 standards, to measure and improve the environmental performance of our products by quantifying their carbon footprint throughout their life cycle. While we do not hold ISO 14046 (Water ISO) or Water Footprint Network certifications, we include the water use impact category in our LCAs in accordance with ISO 14040.

LCA, an internationally recognized approach, encourages a thorough evaluation of the potential impacts of items in our portfolio, considering the entire production chain—from raw material extraction to the product’s destination. It examines various impact categories on the ecosystem, including water, soil, and air, as well as on human health. These categories include water depletion, land use, abiotic depletion (such as fossil fuels and minerals), acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, global warming, ozone layer depletion, photochemical ozone creation, and human toxicity.

Our product portfolio is extensively covered with LCA studies that adhere to the quality standards of ABNT NBR ISO 14040/14044 and ISO 14067.

We have conducted LCA studies for the items in our portfolio listed below:

• Bleached and unbleached pulp;
• Fluff pulp;
• Tissue/hygienic paper;
• Bluecup® and Bluecup Bio® lines/cup paper - main volumes and weights;

Completed in 2025, reviewed by an external party:

• Paperboard - duplex, triplex, and solid lines, in all weights;
• Offset paper - all lines and weights;
• Pollen Line - Bold and Natural;
• Cut Size Paper - All lines and weights;
• Coated paper - All lines and weights.
  • One of the completed projects has replaced PE with kraft + PE, resulting in a 71% decrease in plastic film (polyethylene) usage for primary packaging.

We aim to identify improvement opportunities throughout the chain and develop action plans to minimize impacts, such as reducing fossil fuel use across all production stages, as well as other opportunities in collaboration with the entire value chain.

Pulp

LCAs are a key part of the pulp business unit's portfolio management and are performed systematically every two years. In 2024, the LCAs for all SKUs from the 2023 production units were updated to comply with ISO 14040/14044 and ISO 14067 standards. The process included independent verification by KPMG and support from specialized consultants to refine the assumptions used. Consistent with the transparency policy and biennial updates, the next cycle in 2026 will involve redoing the pulp LCAs, including the Ribas do Rio Pardo mill, which started operations in 2025.

Eucafluff®

LCAs are conducted biennially, in accordance with our policy of transparency and ongoing updates. In 2024, the Eucafluff® study was revised and compared with pine fluff produced in the southeastern United States¹. Due to the advanced technology employed in Suzano's eucalyptus plantations, it is feasible to generate greater quantities of fluff on a smaller land area, utilizing fewer natural resources and reducing environmental impact throughout the entire production process². Consistent with this biennial schedule, the subsequent update cycle is scheduled for 2026, at which point the fluff LCAs will be revised once again.

Paper and Packaging

The LCA was repeatedly used to measure the environmental impacts of pharmaceutical packaging. Having been performed in 2023 and 2024, this assessment was renewed for 2025, with Suzano offsetting production-related carbon emissions through its carbon credits. This initiative continues to strengthen the commitment to balancing environmental impacts, promoting sustainability, and supporting projects that foster responsible environmental practices.

In 2025, Suzano updated the LCA for paper products, greatly broadening the scope of weights and lines evaluated. Conducted with 2024 as the base year, the study covered the Printing, Writing, and Paperboard lines, demonstrating our ongoing commitment to transparency and responsible environmental management across the product life cycle. The Pinebluff plant (USA) will have its LCA conducted in 2026, covering the forestry, pulp, and paper production stages. This will further enhance our comprehensive view of environmental impacts and support our efforts across the entire value chain.

LCA WG

Our Life Cycle Assessment Working Group (LCA WG) includes various business units: UNC; the Consumer Goods Business Unit (UNBC); the Paper and Packaging Business Unit (UNPE); and the Eco-efficiency, Fluff, Climate Change, and Circularity teams.

This forum seeks to outline each unit's specific demands, encourage the sharing of experiences, and foster debate to identify best practices and more effective project execution methods. In 2025, the Paper and Packaging Unit (UNPE) conducted its LCA, drawing from lessons learned during the pulp LCA to enhance consistency and efficiency.

The WG also encouraged sharing strategic insights through participation in forums, courses, and debates on topics such as Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), biogenic carbon, and the Climate Transition Action Plan (CTAP). This effort aimed to strengthen sustainability practices and promote integrated approaches across different areas. Additionally, the group supported the gathering of information and data to meet requirements for indexes such as the CDP.

Circular economy

The concept of a circular economy is central to Suzano's business model and long-term vision. We are among the world's largest producers of bio-based renewable materials, such as pulp, paper, and fluff, which can be utilized for a wide range of applications, including packaging, absorbents, and as substitutes for fossil-based products such as plastics. This emphasis on renewable resources and natural cycles ensures that Suzano remains aligned with the principles of a circular economy, in which certain chemicals from production processes are continuously reused, and waste is minimized throughout the supply chain.

Examples of circular economy initiatives at Suzano include:

1. In 2025, Suzano's seven Consumer Goods plants completed packaging optimization projects, cutting PE plastic use by 16% compared to the previous year with the same production levels. This equates to roughly 614,000 tons of plastic saved. Overall, 11 initiatives focused on primary packaging, and seven targeted secondary packaging.

Packaging waste management is carried out through reverse logistics, organized by the Mãos para o Futuro and EuReciclo programs, in compliance with the National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12.305/2010). This is governed by Decree No. 10.936/2022, which establishes the National Reverse Logistics Program, and Decree No. 11.413/2023, which enhances traceability and proof through recycling credit certificates.

Alongside these mechanisms, proper waste management is ensured through compliance with the Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP), as outlined in the PNRS. It is mandatory for companies engaged in waste-generating activities.

2. In the paper and packaging business unit, which covers four industrial plants, nine projects are underway aimed at reducing the consumption of packaging materials. The goal is to reduce the volume of waste sent to landfills by plants, retailers, and consumers. The materials covered include tubes, adhesives, paper, BOPP (biaxially oriented polypropylene), PE, and various inputs.

• Another element already part of the operational routine is reusing polypropylene (PP)-based components, which is estimated to reduce waste by 50%.
• Additionally, a procedure for reusing tubes exists that could cut the consumption of this primary packaging material by 50%.

These initiatives strengthen the unit's commitment to sustainability and efficiency, aligning with the objectives of minimizing environmental impact and optimizing resources.

At COP30 in Belém, Suzano and Natura signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to establish a consortium focused on developing sustainable cosmetics packaging solutions. The initiative aims to promote the use of renewable, biodegradable, and recyclable materials, supporting decarbonization goals and fostering a low-carbon, regenerative economy through technology, collaboration, and positive impact.

3. At the forestry unit, plastic tubes for propagating eucalyptus seedlings were replaced with paper tubes. These paper tubes are composted, and the resulting nutrient-rich compost is used for small crops.

4. Producing soil acidity correctors from inorganic waste generated during pulp production, such as dregs, grits, lime mud, and ash. As a company committed to renewable practices, we link the idea of closing the cycle to a biological approach, which is naturally regenerative and waste-free, as the product components can re-enter biological cycles through composting.

Conversely, in the technical approach, we have strengthened our efforts to organize the recycling chain by engaging in sector forums such as those organized by the Brazilian Tree Industry (Ibá) and government initiatives, while also adhering to the legislation mentioned earlier.

Suzano has implemented a structured approach to lessen the environmental impact of its product packaging. This strategy focuses on optimizing weight and volume, minimizing input consumption such as plastics, glues, tubes, and paper, and reusing components like PE tubes and bungs in both primary and secondary packaging. Additionally, the company supports reverse logistics through initiatives like the Mãos para o Futuro and Eu Reciclo programs. These efforts comply with the National Solid Waste Policy and its regulations, ensuring proper disposal of post-consumer packaging and reinforcing Suzano's commitment to sustainability and operational efficiency.

Corporate and industrial processes adhere to standards such as EN 13428, which defines requirements for packaging design and composition (ecodesign), and ISO 18602, which focuses on optimizing packaging systems. However, the organization has not yet achieved formal certification for these standards.

Material reduction and reuse efforts lead to notable environmental benefits. These can be quantified using LCA functional unit parameters, such as reduced packaging weight, which boosts transport efficiency, and the longer lifespan of reused parts, which reduces the demand for new resources without sacrificing packaging quality.

We also utilize Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate circularity options, since a cycle-closing solution doesn't always ensure optimal environmental performance. In essence, addressing solid waste problems isn't sufficient if it results in more resource-intensive processes or increases greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Finally, regarding initiatives, the company continues to network and participate in forums, associations, and events on the topic. This includes involvement with the LCA Network, UNEP's Retail4Impact3 initiative within the UN One Planet Network, and a presence at the World Circular Economy Forum, which was held in Brazil for the first time.

Notes:

1. This study aimed to compare the environmental impacts of various fluff pulp production systems, utilizing data from Suzano in Brazil and from the southeastern United States.

2.     Find out more at: Suzano Eucafluff.

3. Global initiative focused on enhancing the sustainability of communication of products. Guided by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), it unites companies, associations, and partners to improve the transparency and credibility of environmental information provided to consumers.

The table below presents data from 2020 on the percentage of the company's product portfolio that includes LCA.