The manufacture of pulp and paper products is typically a water-intensive process, with consumption during the processing of materials, process cooling, and steam generation in on-site power plants. Process water typically contains dissolved organic ...

The manufacture of pulp and paper products is typically a water-intensive process, with consumption during the processing of materials, process cooling, and steam generation in on-site power plants. Process water typically contains dissolved organic compounds and other solids, underscoring the importance of its treatment. Water availability is an important consideration for the industry, as shortages can result in higher supply costs, supply interruptions or tension with local users. Scarcity can be even more critical when it comes to forest areas, since it can reduce forest productivity or even create conflicts with neighboring communities. Because of its productivity, eucalyptus converts a large amount of water resources into biomass in a relatively short space of time, which can have a drastic and negative impact on neighboring freshwater sources, including rivers, lakes and underground aquifers.

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