Direct greenhouse gas emissions (scope 1), by category and type
SASB Dimension
Greenhouse Gas EmissionsSASB Code
RR-PP-110a.1SASB Code
RT-CP-110a.1SASB Sector
Pulp & Paper ProductsSASB Sector
Containers and PackagingGRI Dimension
EnvironmentalGRI Code
305-1Stakeholder
PlanetTCFD
Related IndicatorsCommitments to Renewing Life
Suzano’s Scope 1 direct emissions mainly stem from the use of fossil fuels in stationary equipment at industrial sites and in vehicles during forestry operations.
Emissions from the stationary combustion category, responsible for generating electricity, heat, and steam and representing 67% of Scope 1, have declined by 3%.
In the mobile sector, representing 22% of Scope 1 emissions, there was an increase mainly driven by higher production, which boosts demand for wood, especially for harvesting and logistics within our operations. In the agricultural emissions category, nearly 10% of Scope 1, emissions rose due to increased planting and expansion of the forest base, with waste accounting for 1% and fugitive emissions also at 1%. Negative emissions from industrial processes are linked to emissions recovered during calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation at PCC plants, which helped reduce overall emissions in this scope, as CO₂ is used up in the process. In physicochemical processing, removals happen through CaCO₃ precipitation, a raw material used industrially; thus, CO₂ is consumed in the PCC. The decrease in this category resulted from lower CO₂ emissions from Suzano’s mills.
Effluent emissions were not reported in 2025 because the aerobic treatment process in pulp mills produces minimal methane emissions and is excluded by the methodology. For more information on managing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, see “Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and methodology.”
The tables below contain the following information:
- Direct greenhouse gas emissions (scope 1) by type;
- Direct greenhouse gas emissions (scope 1) by category.
Direct greenhouse gas emissions (scope 1) by type¹
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tCO₂e | tCO₂e | tCO₂e | tCO₂e | |
|
Generation of electricity, heat or steam |
1,788,872.28 |
1,700,795.49 |
1,818,904.88 |
1,760,850.07 |
|
Physico-chemical processing |
-46,551.54 |
-43,925.77 |
-39,118.04 |
-35,788.71 |
|
Transportation of materials, products, waste and people |
535,308.38 |
512,155.10 |
521,095.86 |
585,586.59 |
|
Total |
2,277,629.11 |
2,169,024.82 |
2,300,882.71 |
2,310,647.94 |
- This indicator includes the following gases: carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). The following Scope 1 categories are excluded: agricultural emissions, waste treatment emissions, and fugitive emissions.
Direct greenhouse gas emissions (scope 1) by category¹
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total emissions | Percentage of representation in scope 1 | Total emissions | Percentage of representation in scope 1 | Total emissions | Percentage of representation in scope 1 | Total emissions | Percentage of representation in scope 1 | |
| tCO₂e | % | tCO₂e | % | tCO₂e | % | tCO₂e | % | |
|
Stationary combustion |
1,788,872.28 |
71.75% |
1,700,795.49 |
70,38% |
1,818,904.88 |
71.79% |
1,760,850.07 |
70.21% |
|
Mobile combustion |
535,308.38 |
21.47% |
512,155.10 |
21,19% |
521,095.86 |
20.57% |
585,586.59 |
23.35% |
|
Agricultural |
172,295.37 |
6.91% |
198,649.68 |
8,22% |
186,770.85 |
7.37% |
144,909.99 |
5.78% |
|
Waste |
40,703.06 |
1.63% |
42,095.74 |
1,74% |
29,758.62 |
1.17% |
35,574.72 |
1.42% |
|
Effluents |
0.00 |
0.00% |
0.00 |
0.00% |
0.00 |
0.00% |
0.00 |
0.00% |
|
Runaways |
2,506.08 |
0.10% |
6,649.00 |
0,28% |
16,204.44 |
0.64% |
16,974.78 |
0.68% |
|
Industrial processes |
-46,551.54 |
-1.87% |
-43,925.77 |
-1,82% |
-39,118.04 |
-1.54% |
-35,788.71 |
-1.43% |
|
Total |
2,493,133.62 |
100.00% |
2,416,419.24 |
100.00% |
2,533,616.62 |
100.00% |
2,508,107.43 |
100.00% |
- This indicator includes the following gases: carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). The following Scope 1 categories are excluded: agricultural emissions, waste treatment emissions, and fugitive emissions.
Additional information
Suzano’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory is developed using the operational control approach, following the GHG Protocol guidelines, as this best reflects emissions linked to operations under the company’s direct management. This method provides a precise view of the company's decision-making capacity and mitigation efforts related to emission sources, regardless of corporate structure.
The adoption of the operational control approach promotes greater transparency, accountability, and consistency in emission management, supporting the effective setting, tracking, and achievement of decarbonization goals. Conversely, the financial control approach, limited to equity holdings, might not fully capture operational governance or control over emissions activities.
Emissions are reported consistently across all operations and subsidiaries under operational control throughout the reporting period, regardless of when they are financially consolidated. This ensures temporal comparability of results and aligns with international standards for reporting and verifying GHG inventories.
The base year of 2015 was selected to align with the Paris Agreement. It serves to evaluate the effect of emissions-reduction initiatives across key operational sectors and internal management and governance, helping to approve these projects and incorporate carbon considerations into company decisions. We examined the GHG Inventory calculation methods per the GHG Protocol and ISO 14064 standards. These updates led to revised figures for Scopes 1 and 2 in 2015, 2022, 2023, and 2024. The review focused on continuous improvement and methodological updates, such as updating GWP factors based on the IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), refining emission factors for Scope 1, and broadening the scope of material and applicable categories under Scope 3.
The selection of quantification methodologies, data collection methods, and emission factors is based on the recommendations of the ABNT NBR ISO 14064-1 standard (ABNT, 2007). The following methodological references were also used in preparing the 2024 base-year inventory:
- The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) (2004);
Guides, guidelines, and calculation tools from the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program (PBGHGP), by the Getulio Vargas Foundation (2023); - IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC – 2006);
- Calculation Tools for Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Pulp and Paper Mills, by the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI – 2005).
Following GHG inventory principles, we prioritize using measurement data and emission factors that accurately reflect local conditions whenever available. We strive to reduce assumptions and reliance on secondary data, focusing primarily on primary data from our operations. This strategy ensures our record of decarbonization efforts remains accurate and credible. The GHG emissions reported in the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory, part of the Brazilian GHG Protocol Program's Public Registry, are routinely verified and audited by an independent third party.
Scope 1 emissions are defined and calculated in accordance with the methodology set forth in The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (GHG Protocol), Reviewed Edition, March 2004, published by the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WRI/WBCSD).